
We are maily interested in large battery cabinets newer than ten years old , made by Powerware, Liebert,Power, APC or other major manufacturer.
CleanSource UPS
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Static Transfer Switches Universal Power provides SBR Series Static Automatic Transfer Switches for your critical loads with a choice between two available sources of electrical power. The SBR continually monitors power quality and will automatically transfer to an alternate source without interruption of power to even your most sensitive critical loads. With a sense and transfer time of less than 4ms, the SBR represents the highest performance power switching solution available for the most critical applications. Click the link to view our complete line of Static Transfer Switches. |
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Power Distribution Unit (PDU) Universal Power provides Powerpak Power Distribution Units (PDU's) for your critical computer equipment from electrical noise and spikes and acts as a single point reference ground. Each PDU can be individually configured to meet your needs for isolation, voltage transformation, harmonic reduction and voltage regulation with virtually limitless distribution options. Built-in system monitoring and diagnostics facilitate load balancing and warn of potential threats to your critical equipment. Click the link to view our complete line of Power Distribution Units (PDU's). |
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Remote Power Panel (RPP) Universal Power provides Powerpak Remote Power Panels (RPP's), a freestanding distribution system designed to increase the usable kVA of your Power Distribution Units (PDU's). As your Data Center evolves from a few high powered devices to many low powered devices, your system becomes limited by the number of distribution points on your PDUs. PDI's RPP gives you the added pole space your system needs. Click the link to view our complete line of Remote Power Panels (RPP' |
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Central Battery System Design |
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When it has been decided that a central battery system is the most suitable system of emergency lighting for a particular site, the designer needs to give consideration to the following: This section of the website provides a guide to how to choose the most suitable type of central battery system and then how to ensure it will meet the installation requirements. Technical assistance is available to help you with selecting and designing a system correctly. |
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LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS |
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Through the use of dedicated slave luminaires and conversion modules for mains fluorescent luminaires, these considerations can be catered for by both AC/DC and AC/AC central systems. An illustration of the increased output that can be expected from 8W slave luminaires compared to self-contained versions is shown in figure 1. When performing photometric calculations for converted mains luminaires with static inverter systems, the full design lumen output of the luminaire must be taken into account, as the lamps are powered by conventional ballasts. It is important to ensure that the use of such high output luminaires in low ceiling areas does not exceed the uniformity factor limitations. The utilisation factor should be taken at zero reflectance in line with BS5266 Pts. 1 and 7 1999. |
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TYPE OF SYSTEM
There are numerous different combinations of central battery system type and the correct choice depends as much on customer preference as on design criteria. The selection chart below gives some general guidance. Should you wish to discuss a proposed system type for a particular application, our technical department is available to provide assistance.
SYSTEM CONTROL & MODE OF OPERATION
It is a requirement of any well designed emergency lighting system that the emergency lighting is activated both in the event of complete mains failure, and also in the event of a local mains failure. The emergency lighting system can have luminaires that are maintained or non-maintained. Similarly, the central battery unit can also be maintained or non-maintained operation. The following diagrams explain how activation of the emergency lighting is achieved, using the main types of central battery systems.
Central systems with dedicated slave luminaires
a) Non-maintained central battery unit with sub-circuit monitors.
With this method, relays are used to monitor the normal lighting supplies. The contacts of these relays are wired in a series loop such that in the event of failure of any of the normal lighting supplies, the loop is broken, sending a signal to the central battery unit to activate all of the emergency luminaires. Details of purpose-made remote sub-circuit monitor units can be found in the Loadstar product section.
b) Maintained central battery unit with the maintained circuit continuously energised.
A simple installation where emergency luminaires are illuminated at all material times irrespective of the status of the normal lighting. In the event of a complete mains failure, the slave luminaires are illuminated from the battery supply.
c) Maintained central battery unit with remote hold off relays.
The maintained output from the battery unit is fed to a number of remote hold off relays throughout the building. The coil of the hold off relay is connected to the unswitched side of the local normal lighting supply. Assuming this supply is healthy, the relay will pull in, opening the contacts and preventing power from reaching the slave luminaires.
In the event of a local mains failure, the relay drops out, the contacts close and the emergency luminaires in that particular area are illuminated from the maintained circuit of the battery unit. In the event of a complete mains failure, the system operates in a similar manner, except that the slave luminaires are illuminated from the battery supply. Details of purpose-made remote hold off relays can be found in the Loadstar product section.
d) Maintained AC/DC central battery with conversion luminaires
With this option, the normal mains luminaires are fitted with a conversion module, enabling them to also operate as emergency luminaires in the event of mains failure. Each conversion module includes a changeover relay which, under normal circumstances, is energised by a permanent supply from the unswitched side of the normal lighting circuit.
Whilst energised, it connects the lamp to the conventional mains control gear within the luminaire allowing it to operate as a standard mains fitting, powered via a switched live connection to the mains ballast. Should the normal lighting fail, the relay within the conversion module drops out, disconnecting the lamp from the conventional control gear and connecting it to the inverter within the conversion module. This illuminates the lamp at reduced brightness. In multi-lamp luminaires, the conversion module only operates a single lamp in the emergency mode. All other lamps will extinguish upon mains failure.
e) Static inverter unit with conventional mains fittings
A static inverter runs conventional mains luminaires at full brightness during both mains healthy and mains failure conditions. However, there is usually a requirement for local switching of the luminaires during mains healthy conditions, with automatic illumination in the event of mains failure.
Local switching with automatic illumination in the event of mains failure can be easily achieved by use of the Menvier ACM1 module, which is purpose-designed for this application.
BATTERY TYPE
Cooper Lighting and Security offer a choice of five different battery types:
• Valve regulated lead acid (10 year design life)
• Valve regulated lead acid (3-5 year design life)
• Vented nickel-cadmium
• High performance plante lead acid
• Flat plate lead acid
Each battery type has specific characteristics. In order to assist with the choice of battery, full details of the characteristics and benefits can be found in the Loadstar and Static Inverter System product pages. The table below (fig. 2) provides a comparative guide to these characteristics
The most popular battery type is valve regulated lead acid with a 10 year design life. This type of battery is used on approximately 90% of projects due to its competitive cost, good life characteristics, ease of maintenance and compact size.
BATTERY ROOM VENTILATION
Where: This formula will give the number of air changes per hour required during boost charge conditions. On float charge (systems are on float charge for most of their service life), the amount of gas emitted is approximately 1.5% of that liberated whilst on boost charge and under most circumstances this will be dissipated by natural ventilation, and will not present a hazard. However, we recommend that the boost charge condition is allowed for at the design stage to ensure the appropriate decision on ventilation requirements is made. Although Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries require little ventilation under normal operating conditions, it is good practice to apply the formula to calculate the number of air changes required to achieve minimum risk under battery fault or failure conditions. |
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SYSTEM SIZING AC/DC systems AC/AC systems Therefore, to establish the correct inverter module size, the power factor correction (PFC) rating of the luminaires must be considered in addition to lamp wattage and control gear losses. High frequency control gear circuits have excellent PFC ratings, usually of around 0.96 to 0.98. This compares with 0.85 to 0.9 for equivalent lamp magnetic control gear circuits. Care should be taken when low wattage compact fluorescent lamps are used, utilising high frequency gear or high PFC versions where possible. Low power factor versions can have PFC ratings of only 0.45 to 0.5, thereby greatly increasing the inverter rating required for the system. If utilising low voltage lighting powered via step-down transformers, it is essential to allow for the efficiency and power factor of the step-down transformers |
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